with独立主格结构讲解(独立主格结构with用法)

英语中，with引导的独立主格结构很富有表现力，在句子中作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等。它不是句子而是短语，其结构为：with+名词/代词+形容词/ 副词/名词/介词短语/非谓语动词。公式：with+宾语+宾补（with复合结构）。

1、with+名词/代词+形容词

He doesn't like to sleep with the windows open.(= He doesn't like to sleep when the windows are open.) 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。

He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.(= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.) 他站在雨中, 衣服湿透了。

The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。

注意：在with 的独立主格结构中, 也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。例如：

With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望, 老人感到很不快乐。

With his father well-known, the boy didn't want to study. 父亲如此出名,儿子不想读书。

2、with+名词/代词+副词

Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.(= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on.) 所有的灯都打开时, 我们的学校看上去更美。

The boy was walking, with his father ahead.(= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.) 父亲在前, 小孩在后走着。

He put on his socks with the wrong side out. 他把袜子穿反了。

3、with+名词/代词+介词短语

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.(= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.) 他站在门口, 手里拿着一部电脑。

Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.(= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.) 文森特坐在课桌前, 嘴里衔着一支笔。

4、with+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式

With his homework done, Peter went out to play.(= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.) 作业做好了, 彼得出去玩了。

With the signal given, the train started.(= After the signal was given, the train started.) 信号发出了, 火车开始起动了。

I wouldn't dare go home without the job finished.(= I wouldn't dare go home because the job was not finished.) 工作还没完成, 我不敢回家。

5、with+名词/代词+动词的-ing形式

The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.(= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.) 有这么多的孩子坐在他周围, 那男子感到很高兴。

The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.(= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.) 小女孩把盒子藏了起来, 没有人知道它在哪里。

Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.(= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.) 他趁没人注意的时候, 从窗口溜走了。

6、with+名词/代词+动词不定式

The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.(= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.) 有这么多的家庭作业要做, 小男孩看上去很不开心。

The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.(=The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.) 有这么多的名胜可参观, 小孩很激动。

[注意] 在with / without 的复合结构中, 多数情况下with 能省略, 但without不能省略。

Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。( without不能省略)